Period pain (medically known as dysmenorrhoea) is a pain experienced by the vast majority of menstruating women, usually felt as cramps in the lower abdomen and which can spread to the lower back or legs. It is most often related to uterine contractions and can be eased with simple measures at home. Here are the methods recommended by expert health sources.
What causes period pain?
During menstruation, the uterus contracts to shed its inner lining. Higher levels of prostaglandin, a substance that plays a role in these contractions, in some women can cause the pain to feel more severe. The pain usually starts when bleeding begins and often lasts for 2–3 days.
10 ways to ease period pain
1. Heat
Placing a hot water bottle wrapped in a towel or a heat pad on the lower abdomen helps relax the muscles and reduce pain. The NHS lists this as one of its top recommendations.
2. Warm shower or bath
It relaxes the body and eases cramping.
3. Light exercise
You may not want to move when in pain, but light exercise such as walking, swimming, yoga or cycling can reduce it. Australia’s health service healthdirect recommends regular exercise for 45–60 minutes three or more times a week.
4. Abdominal and lower back massage
Gently massaging the lower abdomen and lower back in circular motions can be soothing.
5. Using the right painkiller
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen and naproxen are effective for period pain because they reduce prostaglandin production. Some experts recommend starting them 1–2 days before menstruation begins and taking them regularly for the first 2–3 days. People with asthma, stomach, kidney or liver problems should not take these medications without consulting a doctor.
6. Quitting smoking
Smoking is thought to increase the risk of period pain.
7. Reducing alcohol intake
The NHS states that reducing alcohol intake may help ease the pain.
8. Managing stress
Relaxation techniques, breathing exercises and sufficient sleep can reduce the perception of pain.
9. TENS device
These small devices send mild electrical impulses and can help ease pain in some women.
10. Orgasm
Many women say that orgasm eases cramps. During orgasm, the muscles in the uterus contract and relax, and endorphins that can ease pain are released. There is limited extensive clinical research on this, but it is a safe method to try if you feel comfortable doing so. For hygiene during menstruation, easy-to-clean, waterproof toys can be used. You can also read our article on "Sex during menstruation" for more details.
When should you see a doctor?
- If the pain prevents you from going to work, school or living your daily life
- If the pain is getting worse, your periods are becoming irregular or very heavy
- If you have pain during intercourse, urination or bowel movements
- If you have bleeding between periods
- If the pain does not go away despite taking painkillers
These symptoms may be related to conditions that require treatment, such as endometriosis, fibroids or a pelvic infection. Your doctor may recommend stronger medication or hormonal treatment.
Frequently asked questions
Is paracetamol effective for period pain?
It can be used, but studies show that it does not reduce pain as effectively as ibuprofen or aspirin.
Does period pain decrease after childbirth?
Period pain that is not caused by an underlying condition may decrease with age and, for many women, after childbirth.
Sources
- NHS. Period pain. nhs.uk
- NHS 111 Wales. Periods, painful. 111.wales.nhs.uk
- healthdirect Australia. Painful periods (dysmenorrhoea). healthdirect.gov.au
This content is for general information purposes only and is not a substitute for diagnosis or treatment. Consult your doctor before taking medication and if you have severe pain.
