Sex during pregnancy is one of the most common concerns for expectant mothers and their partners. The most frequent reason couples avoid sex is the fear of harming the baby. The good news is that the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) states that sex is safe in most cases during a healthy pregnancy. However, in some special circumstances, your doctor may advise you to abstain.
Does sex harm the baby?
No. The baby is protected by the uterine muscles, the amniotic sac and its fluid, and the mucus plug that seals the cervix. Penetration does not reach the baby. Mild uterine contractions felt during orgasm also do not lead to premature birth in a healthy pregnancy.
Sex by trimester
The first 3 months
Sex is safe during a healthy pregnancy. During this period, nausea, fatigue, and breast tenderness may reduce desire; this is completely normal.
Months 4-6
Many women feel more energetic during this period. Increased blood flow to the genital area may increase sensitivity and pleasure.
The last 3 months
As the belly grows, finding a comfortable position becomes important. Experts recommend avoiding lying flat on your back for extended periods in the later weeks of pregnancy; this position can put pressure on major blood vessels. Side-lying, woman-on-top, or seated positions are generally more comfortable.
In what situations may abstinence be recommended?
In the following situations, your doctor may ask you to avoid sex. Be sure to follow your own doctor's advice on this matter:
- Placenta previa (the placenta covers the cervix)
- Unexplained vaginal bleeding or discharge
- Premature rupture of membranes (the amniotic sac has ruptured)
- Cervical insufficiency or risk of premature birth
- A history of premature birth
- Twins or multiple pregnancy (in some cases)
Tips for safe and comfortable sex
- Choose positions that do not put pressure on the belly.
- Hormonal changes may cause dryness; a water-based lubricant increases comfort.
- Use a condom if your partner has a risk of sexually transmitted infections.
- Oral sex is safe; however, air should not be blown into the vagina.
- Do not move from anal sex to vaginal sex; bacteria can cause infection.
- If you experience pain, bleeding, or fluid leakage, stop sex and consult your doctor.
What should you do if desire has decreased?
It is normal for sexual desire to either decrease or increase during pregnancy. Forms of intimacy such as hugging, massaging, and spending time together also keep the relationship strong. Discussing your feelings openly with your partner is the healthiest approach.
Frequently asked questions
Does orgasm induce labor during pregnancy?
There is no strong evidence that orgasm induces labor in a healthy pregnancy progressing on schedule. Those at risk of premature birth should consult their doctor.
Can sex toys be used during pregnancy?
According to ACOG, most sexual activities, including penetration with a finger or toy, are safe during a healthy pregnancy. It is important that toys are clean and used gently.
When can you have sex after birth?
A recovery period of a few weeks is generally recommended; determine the right time with your doctor at the postpartum check-up.
Resources
- American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG). Is it safe to have sex during pregnancy? acog.org
- Jones C, Chan C, Farine D. Sex in pregnancy. CMAJ. 2011;183(7):815-818.
- Medical News Today. Sex during pregnancy: Safety, benefits, and tips. medicalnewstoday.com
This content is for general informational purposes; it is not a substitute for diagnosis and treatment. Consult your obstetrician-gynecologist about any concerns regarding your pregnancy.
